A vertex is the point of intersection of three or more bordering tiles. An edge is an intersection between two bordering tiles that is often a straight line. A fundamental region is a shape that is repeated in order to form a tessellation. When it comes to tessellation in mathematics, also known as tiling, it is necessary to explain several technical terms that geometry operates with. Tessellation theory is extensive and complex, but we will explain some basics in order to bring you closer to what is behind these beautiful works of art. Tessellation patterns have been widely used in art and architecture since ancient times, but what lies under it is mathematics. Traces of zillij tessellation art can still be found in Morocco and Algeria, on the walls and floors of homes, mosques, public water fountains, tombs etc.Īn example of Tawriq tessellation, a leaf-type pattern of Zillij, in Alhambra, Spain These designs are often termed “zillij” or “zellige”, which is an art with a foundation in “learning, discipline and faith.” Based on the Islam teachings that life is based on universal intelligence, zillij artists depicted the laws that govern the universe, using terra cotta tiles covered with enamel. Apart from the Alhambra palace, geometric patterns and tiling were used in decorative arts as well, like textiles and pottery. The concept of coloured geometric shapes fit in perfectly, as Islam forbids the living object as a representation in art, so they embraced the abstract characteristics of a tessellation in a spectacular manner. Perhaps the most interesting examples of tessellation technique can be found in Islamic art and architecture, in particular of the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Tessellation In Islamic Art and Architecture

Escher and a number of contemporary artists who are using the concepts of tiling to create artworks in a variety of media.Ī type of wall decoration used in the Uruk (VI–IV) and Jemdet Nasr periods of southern Mesopotamia Today, we can talk about tessellation art of the great M.C. During the Middle Ages through the 19th century, a group of intellectuals began observing tessellation present in nature in order to explain its geometric structures, which resulted in numerous studies based on mathematics. Of course, the nature and design of tiling varied, as they evolved and adapted to match each of these cultures and traditions. From there, tessellation found its place in the art of many civilizations, from the Egyptians, Persians, Romans and Greeks to the Byzantines, Arabs, the Japanese, Chinese and the Moors. Origin of tessellation can be traced back to 4,000 years BC, when the Sumerians used clay tiles to compose decoration features in their homes and temples. In fact, the very word “tessellation” comes from Latin tessellātus, meaning “of small square stones” made of stone, clay or glass, and from Greek τέσσερα - tessera, meaning “four”, both alluding to the fact that the first tilings were made from square tiles, as the easiest shapes from which to create a pattern.Īn example of a semi regular tessellationīecause of their characteristics and decorative aesthetics, tessellations were used in art and architecture alike, providing coverings for walls, pavements and ceilings of many facilities. Although it derives from a clear set of rules based on mathematical shapes and calculations - a fact which might give out the impression that there is no space for creativity - tessellations have been widely accepted in a great number of cultures, and are employed in many spheres of life such as design and art.Īlso known as tiling, the process of creating a tessellation can be based on a regular, semiregular geometric or non-geometric shape or tile, which are then all lined up next to each other as basic elements checkered to assemble larger complex construction. Do you know what is the definition of tessellation and what does it take to create one? When a geometric shape is repeated over and over again, covering a plane of tiles without any gaps or overlaps, it results in a tessellation - a mosaic pattern of a mesmerizing visual effect.

Tessellation art definition